Final answer:
The Articles of Confederation were issued by the Second Continental Congress in 1781, creating a loose alliance of states with a weak central government unable to impose taxes, regulate commerce, or enforce laws effectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Second Continental Congress issued a set of laws known as the Articles of Confederation in 1781. These Articles were meant to form a 'firm league of friendship' among the states for their common defense and general welfare. However, the Articles of Confederation had several weaknesses. Notably, they could not impose taxes, which left the central government without a reliable source of income. Also, the government could not regulate commerce between the states or with foreign nations, leading to economic disarray and disputes. Moreover, the lack of a strong federal government to enforce laws and rulings contributed to a weak diplomatic stance and internal discord.