Final answer:
The translation of mRNA into protein is facilitated by rRNA in the ribosomes and tRNA molecules that bring amino acids matching the mRNA codons.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process by which an mRNA message is translated into a protein involves several key molecules, including messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). The mRNA is read by the ribosome in sets of three bases, also known as codons, where each codon specifies a single amino acid. The rRNA is a part of the ribosome which ensures correct alignment of mRNA and facilitates the enzymatic activity necessary for forming peptide bonds. tRNA molecules, usually 70-90 nucleotides long, play a crucial role as they carry specific amino acids to the ribosome, matching their anti-codons with the codons on the mRNA strand, and contribute to the growing polypeptide chain that forms the protein.
Each amino acid is represented by a triplet codon within the mRNA, and this correspondence between codons and amino acids is known as the genetic code. In summary, translation converts the genetic information from the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA into the amino acid sequence of a protein, which has vast implications for the structure and function of the protein synthesized.The process is dictated by the genetic code, which matches each triplet codon in the mRNA with its corresponding amino acid to form a polypeptide chain.