Final answer:
Theory Y and transformational leadership style are effective change theories that can be used to decrease overtime by fostering employee motivation, participation, and creativity in finding solutions to manage workloads. These approaches include flexible work arrangements, empowering leadership, and adherence to principles of scientific management and theory of change.
Step-by-step explanation:
To decrease overtime and facilitate change in the organizational process, Theory Y and transformational leadership style are effective change theories. Theory Y, conceptualized by Douglas McGregor, posits that employees are intrinsically motivated to work and will work productively when management provides opportunities for creative problem-solving and self-direction. A workplace that embraces Theory Y allows for flexible arrangements, such as telecommuting employees' ability to set their own hours and work from home, enhancing work-life balance and reducing the need for overtime.
In addition, the transformational leadership style encourages leaders to be charismatic, inspirational, and individually considerate. These leaders actively involve employees in the change process, empowering them to contribute ideas, which can lead to innovative strategies to efficiently manage workloads and decrease overtime. Transformational leaders are likely to value the recommendation from Frederick Taylor's principles of scientific management, promoting efficiency through work design and employee satisfaction.
Furthermore, organizations looking to adapt to changes and reduce overtime should also consider the 'theory of change,' which outlines a predefined flow process to guide program development and implementation. This approach can be particularly useful in systematically identifying areas where overtime can be minimized through strategic planning and execution.