Final answer:
The blood is filtered in the kidney by the renal corpuscle, which includes the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule as its primary components.
Step-by-step explanation:
The part of the kidney that filters the blood is the renal corpuscle. The renal corpuscle is located in the renal cortex and is composed of two key structures: the glomerulus, which is a network of capillaries that perform the filtration of the blood based on particle size, and Bowman's capsule, which captures the filtered blood, now termed filtrate.
Within the kidney, approximately 1.3 million nephrons function to filter blood and form urine. Each nephron is made up of the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule. The blood enters the kidneys through the renal arteries, and the filtered blood exits via the renal veins. The glomerulus of the renal corpuscle acts as the initial filtering system, effectively initiating the process by which waste products are removed from the blood.