Final answer:
The mental status examination assesses cerebral function, focusing on cognitive abilities such as memory, which are related to the cerebral cortex within the cerebrum.
Step-by-step explanation:
The mental status examination is a crucial part of the neurological exam, specifically addressing cognitive abilities linked to the cerebrum. This exam consists of various subtests that evaluate higher cognitive functions, notably those such as memory, orientation, and language. These faculties are typically associated with cerebral cortex functions in the cerebrum and are critical for intellectual activities.
The mental status examination aims to reveal the state of cerebral function in areas that concern higher intellectual functions. As such, a subdural hematoma, which can affect the brain tissue and its functions, warrants a careful assessment of these cerebral functions to determine the impact of the injury.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question of what a mental status exam assesses in a patient with a subdural hematoma is:
C. Cerebral function