Final answer:
Podocytes are specialized epithelial cells that create the inner wall of the glomerular capsule and are essential for the kidney's filtration process.
Step-by-step explanation:
The specialized epithelial cells that make up the inner wall of the glomerular capsule are known as podocytes. Podocytes are vital components of the kidney's filtration mechanism. They form part of the visceral layer of the Bowman's capsule, which is involved in the filtration of blood to form urine. These cells have finger-like projections called pedicels, which interdigitate with pedicels of adjacent podocytes, creating a filtration membrane.
The glomerular filtrate, which is the fluid filtered out of the blood, passes through this membrane before it enters the renal tubule system, starting with the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT). The specialized epithelial cells that make up the inner wall of the glomerular capsule are called podocytes. These cells form finger-like processes and make up the visceral layer of the Bowman's capsule. They interdigitate to form a filtration membrane.