Final answer:
Enzyme deficiencies generally follow an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, meaning two copies of the faulty gene are required for the condition to manifest, while diseases from non-catalytic proteins typically follow an autosomal dominant pattern, where one copy of the faulty gene can cause the disorder.
Step-by-step explanation:
Most enzyme deficiency conditions follow an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, whereas diseases due to non-catalytic proteins follow an autosomal dominant pattern.
Autosomal Recessive Inheritance
With autosomal recessive inheritance, a genetic disorder manifests as the recessive phenotype, and heterozygous individuals (carriers) will not display symptoms, as their unaffected gene compensates. Examples include conditions like cystic fibrosis where the disorder is recessive to the normal phenotype. Carriers for an autosomal recessive disorder may never know their genotype unless they have a child who manifests the disorder.
Autosomal Dominant Inheritance
Autosomal dominant inheritance occurs when the presence of just one gene causes the disorder to be expressed. Examples of disorders inherited in this pattern include achondroplastic dwarfism, Marfan syndrome, and Huntington's disease. For instance, with neurofibromatosis type I, a heterozygous parent (Nn) has a 50 percent chance of passing the dominant allele to their offspring.