Final answer:
Carbon tetrachloride poisoning occurs when the substance is metabolized by the liver, leading to the formation of reactive intermediates that cause cellular damage within the liver.
Step-by-step explanation:
Carbon tetrachloride poisoning produces injury via hepatic metabolism. When a person is exposed to carbon tetrachloride, it is metabolized by the liver. The biotransformation produces highly reactive intermediates, which can cause cellular damage, particularly within hepatocytes (liver cells). This damage can result in liver inflammation, cirrhosis, or acute liver failure. The liver's role in filtering toxins is crucial, as indicated in material referring to the liver as being exposed to various toxic chemicals and its importance in preventing poisoning of liver cells.
Similarly, the liver is also instrumental in managing exposure to other halogenated hydrocarbons like chloroform, which, like carbon tetrachloride, are known for their severe liver damage effects. Notably, chronic exposure to these substances can lead to long-term health issues including chronic fatigue and memory problems, underscoring the toxic effects of substances like carbon tetrachloride and highlighting the importance of the liver in detoxification.