Question

Pathophysiology of osteoporosis

Risk factors of osteoporosis
Diagnosis for osteoporosis
Treatment/ managements for osteoporosis

Answer 1

The risk factors for osteoporosis include age, sex, ancestry, family history, body size, and lifestyle factors. Osteoporosis is diagnosed through a bone density test. Treatment involves medications and preventive measures to reduce risk factors.

Step-by-step explanation:

Risk Factors for Osteoporosis

1. Age: Older age increases the risk of osteoporosis.
2. Sex: Females have a higher risk compared to males.
3. Ancestry: European or Asian ancestry increases the risk.
4. Family history: Having a family history of osteoporosis increases the risk.
5. Body size: Short stature and small bones increase the risk.
6. Lifestyle factors: Smoking, alcohol consumption, lack of exercise, poor nutrition, and consumption of soft drinks increase the risk.

Diagnosis for Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is diagnosed by measuring bone density through a test called dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. This measurement is then compared to the normal level of peak bone density.

Treatment/Management for Osteoporosis

Current treatments for osteoporosis include medications like bisphosphonates, calcitonin, and estrogen (for females). Preventive measures include eliminating risk factors like smoking, reducing alcohol consumption, exercising, maintaining a nutritious diet, and ensuring adequate vitamin D intake.