Final answer:
Respiratory failure can occur when respiratory effort is inadequate, such as in restrictive diseases like fibrosis or conditions like asthma or emphysema.
Step-by-step explanation:
Respiratory failure can occur when respiratory effort is inadequate. Breathing and gas exchange are affected by changes in lung compliance and resistance. When compliance decreases, as in restrictive diseases like fibrosis, the airways stiffen and collapse upon exhalation, trapping air in the lungs. When resistance increases, as in conditions like asthma or emphysema, the airways become obstructed, making breathing difficult.