Final answer:
The correct answer to the question is B) worldwide, as the number of cases of type 2 diabetes has more than doubled globally since 1980.
Step-by-step explanation:
The number of cases of type 2 diabetes has more than doubled to 347 million since 1980 worldwide. Therefore, the correct answer to the location where this increase has occurred is B) worldwide. This form of diabetes now accounts for about 90 percent of all diabetes cases and is closely linked with lifestyle factors such as obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and poor diet, contributing to insulin resistance and eventually to the disease. Additionally, it is important to note the rising incidence of diabetes among younger populations due to the increasing prevalence of obesity.