Final answer:
Helper T cells differentiate into two major effector subtypes known as TH1 and TH2 cells, which play crucial roles in cell-mediated and humoral immunity, respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
Proliferating helper T cells that develop into effector T cells differentiate into two major subtypes of cells known as T helper 1 (TH1) and T helper 2 (TH2) cells. These cells are critical components of the immune system where TH1 cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity, primarily activating macrophages and other T cells. TH2 cells, contrastingly, are instrumental in humoral immunity, mainly stimulating B cells to produce antibodies. Memory helper T cells are another subtype but are distinct from effector cells as they are designed to remember specific antigens and facilitate a swift secondary response upon re-exposure.
The two major subtypes of cells that proliferating helper T cells differentiate into are T helper 1 (TH1) cells and T helper 2 (TH2) cells.
TH1 cells secrete cytokines that enhance the activities of macrophages and other T cells, while TH2 cells stimulate naïve B cells to secrete antibodies.