Final answer:
The interest group system has seen a rise in the number and diversity of groups, a transition to professional lobbying, and increased regulation of lobbying activities. Wealth continues to be a strong predictor of political engagement, raising concerns about the representativeness of the system and the power balance between wealthy and less affluent groups.
Step-by-step explanation:
The interest group system has undergone significant changes in the past several decades. One notable trend is the substantial increase in both the number and diversity of groups. This can be attributed to technological advancements, increased industry specialization, and the fragmentation of interests. Today, lobbying activities have become more sophisticated with many groups now hiring professional lobbying firms. Moreover, there have been increases in public interest groups alongside traditional corporate and institutional lobbyists.
Socioeconomic status continues to play a critical role in determining who is more likely to join and have influence through these groups, with wealthier institutions often having greater political engagement due to their resources. In contrast, disadvantaged groups face barriers to participation. Increased regulation has imposed greater limits on 'inside lobbying' activities, leading to a shift away from the 'good ol' boy' approach towards a more professionalized system.
In the context of representation, some argue that this system has become too reliant on political campaign contributions, questioning the balance of power between wealthy interests and those with less financial support. The life cycle of interest groups, including their creation, growth, and potential cessation, reflects the dynamism of civil engagement in response to evolving societal issues.