Final answer:
The claim that 38 percent of Indonesian women smoke due to cigarettes' association with sexual allure is false. Smoking is influenced by a multitude of factors and has serious health consequences, regardless of supposed allure. The reduction in smoking rates and the recognition of its health risks are evident globally.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that 38 percent of women in Indonesia smoke due to cigarettes being closely tied to sexual allure is False. Data regarding smoking patterns in different countries show a variety of reasons for smoking, including cultural norms, addiction, and socio-economic factors. Smoking prevalence tends to vary by gender and region, as well as over time with shifting public health campaigns and regulations.
In Western countries like Australia, there has been a significant decline in smoking rates among both men and women. Swedish men's use of 'snus' is an alternative to smoking, but it does not imply that smoking rates are related to perceived sexual allure. Moreover, there are numerous negative effects of smoking on health, including impacts on the respiratory, cardiovascular, and reproductive systems. Smoking has also been shown to decrease the effectiveness of various medications.
Historically, efforts to combat the smoking epidemic have faced opposition, including from the tobacco industry itself. Nevertheless, the health risks associated with tobacco use have been thoroughly documented and widely recognized by the scientific and medical communities.