Final answer:
The curve shifts to the left with the addition of H⁺ ions and CO₂, and to the right with heat. These factors affect the concentrations of the reactants and products in a chemical equilibrium.
Step-by-step explanation:
In a chemical equilibrium, the position of the curve, or the concentrations of reactants and products, can shift due to certain factors. Let's look at the three factors mentioned:
a) H⁺ ions: In this reaction, the presence of H⁺ ions indicates the reaction is occurring in an acidic solution. Adding more H⁺ ions will shift the curve to the left, favoring the reactant side to increase the concentration of H₂ and CO.
b) CO₂: Adding CO₂ to the reaction will shift the curve to the left, as CO₂ acts as a reactant and increases the concentration of reactants (H₂ and CO).
c) Heat: Increasing the temperature of the system will cause the curve to shift to the right, favoring the products side. This is because the reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat, and increasing the temperature helps to counteract this by shifting the equilibrium in the endothermic direction.