Final answer:
The statement that genes are located on chromosomes, which are contained in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, is True. Chromosomes are composed of DNA and histone proteins forming chromatin, and they carry genes that regulate cellular activities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Genes are indeed located on chromosomes, which are large pieces of DNA contained in the eukaryotic cell's nucleus, making the statement provided by the student True (A). In a eukaryotic cell, the DNA is associated with histone proteins to form chromatin, which constitutes the substance of eukaryotic chromosomes. Eukaryotic chromosomes are typically linear and can contain tens of thousands of genes, with each gene possessing the information necessary to synthesize specific protein products or, in some cases, RNA products.
The entire collection of genes that a cell carries is referred to as its genome, and understanding the arrangement and control of these genes within chromosomes is central to understanding the regulation of cellular activities, including when and how genes are turned "on" or "off" by the cell.