Final answer:
The brachial artery and median nerve pass through the brachium region of the humerus, which is from the shoulder to the elbow. The artery is a continuation of the axillary artery and eventually branches into the radial and ulnar arteries at the elbow.
Step-by-step explanation:
The brachial artery and the median nerve pass through the region of the humerus known as the brachium. This area extends from the shoulder to the elbow. The brachial artery, which is a continuation of the axillary artery, supplies blood to much of the brachial region. As it travels down the arm, it gives off several smaller branches and eventually bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries at the elbow. The intertubercular groove, or bicipital groove, serves as a pathway for the tendon of the biceps brachii and is closely related to the path of the brachial artery and median nerve.