Final answer:
An elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level in a male is suggestive of a testicular tumor, specifically non-seminomas like yolk sac tumors. It serves as a tissue-specific marker for testicular cancer, guiding diagnosis and monitoring. Diagnosis also includes physical exams, ultrasounds, and blood tests for tumor markers.
Step-by-step explanation:
An elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in a male can raise suspicion for certain types of testicular tumors, specifically non-seminomas like yolk sac tumors (also known as endodermal sinus tumors) or mixed germ cell tumors. AFP is a tissue-specific marker associated with testicular cancer and is used along with other markers like beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG) to diagnose and monitor the disease. Monitoring for elevated AFP is particularly important in cancer survivors, as increases in this marker can signify relapse. Testicular cancer is most common in young males, especially those of European descent, and has one of the highest cure rates of all cancers if detected and treated early.
To diagnose testicular cancer, a physician will conduct a physical exam to detect any lumps on the testes. If a lump is found, an ultrasound and blood tests for tumor markers like AFP and beta-HCG are typically performed. These tests can help confirm the presence of a tumor and potentially identify the specific type of testicular cancer. Unlike prostate cancer, a biopsy is not generally recommended for testicular cancer because of the risk of spreading the cancer cells.