Final answer:
Alzheimer's Disease is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for two-thirds of cases. It predominantly affects the elderly and is anticipated to increase with the aging population. Genetics play a significant role in susceptibility to Alzheimer's, with ongoing research focused on understanding and potentially finding a cure for the disease.
Step-by-step explanation:
Alzheimer's Disease accounts for two of every three cases of dementia. It is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, with a significant impact on both the individuals affected and the economy. In 2012, approximately 5.4 million Americans were suffering from Alzheimer's, with an estimated care cost of $200 billion. The disease primarily affects those age 65 or older, with one in every eight in this age group having Alzheimer's. Due to the aging population, specifically the baby-boomer generation, the number of Alzheimer's patients could rise to as many as 13 million by 2050 in the United States.
The pathology of Alzheimer's includes the presence of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and a reduction in brain volume, particularly in the hippocampus. Genetic factors play a role in the disease's development, with certain genes such as apolipoprotein E (APOE) and its variant E4 increasing the likelihood of developing Alzheimer's. In April 2011, research identified five new genes associated with the disease, providing further insights into its genetic foundations and progression.
The implications are profound, as nearly half of those over 85 exhibit at least mild cognitive impairment, and the prevalence of Alzheimer's increases with age. Genetic studies continue to offer hope for finding a cure, with the understanding of Alzheimer's genetics being a crucial component in this ongoing research.