Final answer:
A fingerprint left at a crime scene in a ball of clay is known as a latent fingerprint. These fingerprints are unique and do not change over time, making them a valuable tool for identification in criminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting can further verify relationships by comparing genetic markers shared between individuals.
Step-by-step explanation:
A fingerprint left behind at a crime scene in a ball of clay is commonly referred to as a latent fingerprint. Latent fingerprints are impressions left by the friction ridge skin on the fingers, palms of the hands, or soles of the feet. These prints are often invisible to the eye and can be found on a variety of surfaces. In a criminal investigation, fingerprints can be used to identify the individual who left them since they are unique to each person and do not change over time. DNA found in the cells within this fingerprint can also be analyzed using DNA fingerprinting techniques to create a DNA profile that can be used for comparison in forensic analyses.
For a child's DNA fingerprint to establish a relationship with their mother and father, the child's DNA must share certain genetic markers with the DNA of both parents. When forensic scientists compare DNA samples, they look for specific sequences that are known to be inherited and that can demonstrate the biological relationship between individuals.