Final answer:
Dr. Alec Jeffreys is recognized for conducting the first forensic criminal investigation using DNA fingerprinting to solve an immigration case, setting the precedent for future forensic science techniques.
Step-by-step explanation:
The scientist credited with conducting the first forensic criminal investigation is Dr. Alec Jeffreys. In a case that involved a teenage boy returning to London from Ghana, Dr. Jeffreys utilized his invention of DNA fingerprinting to confirm a familial relationship with individuals who were suspected to be related to him. This pioneering work by Dr. Jeffreys provided scientific evidence which was used in court and marked the beginning of the use of DNA analysis in forensic science. His innovative technique proved seminal for subsequent forensic investigations and greatly influenced the field of forensic science.
Forensic science has evolved tremendously since Dr. Jeffreys' groundbreaking work. Current forensic scientists are involved in examining various biological evidence such as hair, blood, other body fluids, and even pollen grains, applying their findings to provide answers related to legal questions. With the popularity of television shows and the advancement of scientific techniques, interest in forensic science as a career has surged.