Final answer:
The cognitive distortion of jumping to conclusions without evidence is called arbitrary inferences. Understanding this helps in distinguishing it from evidence-based reasoning processes like deductive reasoning and from cognitive biases like confirmation bias.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cognitive distortion of making conclusions without supporting and relevant evidence is known as arbitrary inferences. These occur when a person makes a conclusion based on no evidence or despite contradictory evidence. This is an important concept to understand as it can affect one's ability to think clearly and make well-reasoned decisions.
In contrast to cognitive distortions like arbitrary inferences, other logical reasoning processes such as deductive reasoning and the scientific method rely on evidence and logical progressions to reach conclusions. It is also essential to separate cognitive biases such as the confirmation bias and the bandwagon fallacy when evaluating evidence or arguments. Awareness of these biases is crucial in avoiding the pitfalls of relying on false stereotypes or making unfounded assumptions.