Question

In extreme cases, psychological disorders do not respond well to psychotherapy or medication. When this happens, people are given alternative biological treatments. Match each treatment with its description.

TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION (TMS)
- This treatment, which has been used to treat depression, uses magnetic fields from a wire coil placed on the scalp to interrupt the activity of neurons.
ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY (ECT)
- This treatment involves administering an electrical current strong enough to produce a seizure and has been used to treat depression.
DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION (DBS)
- This technique, which involves surgically implanting electrodes to stimulate the brain at a certain frequency, has been used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and depression.

Answer 1

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) are biological treatments intervening in brain function for psychological disorders that are otherwise treatment-resistant.

Step-by-step explanation:

For psychological disorders that are resistant to traditional treatment methods like psychotherapy or medication, there are alternative biological treatments that may be used:

• Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS): This treatment utilizes magnetic fields generated by a wire coil placed on the scalp. The purpose of TMS is to disrupt the neuronal activity in specific brain areas associated with conditions like depression. By inducing weak electrical currents, TMS can aid in the restoration of normal brain function.
• Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): Often used as a treatment for severe depression, ECT involves administering an electrical current strong enough to induce a seizure in the patient. This method can result in rapid improvement of depressive symptoms.
• Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS): This invasive procedure involves surgically placing electrodes in the brain. DBS adjusts brain activity by stimulating targeted brain regions at certain frequencies and can be used for treating OCD and depression.

In summary, these treatments alter brain function in different ways, aiming to provide relief when conventional therapies are ineffective. Understanding these options can be crucial for individuals suffering from persistent and severe psychological conditions.

For cases where psychotherapy and medication are insufficient, TMS, ECT, and DBS offer alternative approaches by modulating brain activity either through external stimulation via electromagnetic fields, or internally with direct electrical stimulation.