Final answer:
Goods produced abroad and sold domestically are called imports (option a), and they are a significant factor in calculating a country's GDP net exports, influenced by exchange rates.
Step-by-step explanation:
Goods produced abroad and sold domestically are called imports. This is evident in international trade dynamics, where a key component of a country's gross domestic product (GDP) is the net exports which is calculated by subtracting the value of imports (goods produced in other countries and purchased by residents of the home country) from the value of exports (goods produced domestically and sold abroad).
As indicated in the provided information, exchange rates have considerable influence on trade balances as they impact the cost-effectiveness of exporting and importing, which in turn affects aggregate demand in the economy.
For example, if a car manufacturer in the United States imports car parts from China to use in their production process, those parts would be considered imports.