Final answer:
Pablo Picasso created the painting 'Guernica' as a response to the bombing of the Spanish town of Guernica in 1937 during the Spanish Civil War, making it a historic symbol of anti-war protest and political art.
Step-by-step explanation:
Appalled by the brutal bombing of a defenseless Spanish town, Pablo Picasso responded by creating the mural-size painting known as Guernica. Picasso's Guernica is a powerful visual response and memorial to the tragic bombing of the Basque town of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War. On April 27, 1937, the town was subjected to aerial saturation bombing by German and Italian forces supporting General Franco, which resulted in devastating civilian casualties and the destruction of the town.
The massive, monochromatic oil on canvas, measuring 349 cm × 776 cm, was completed in 1937 and quickly became the twentieth century's most potent indictment against the horrors of war. Displayed to millions at the Paris World's Fair, Guernica's stark depiction of chaos, suffering, and death remains an enduring symbol of anti-war protest and political art. The painting is currently housed in the Museo Reina Sofia in Madrid.