Final answer:
A Security Operations Center (SOC) is responsible for continuously monitoring a system for security-relevant events and changes that could negatively impact security posture, utilizing tools such as SIEM systems and employing security analysts for interpretation and incident response.
Step-by-step explanation:
The role of continuously monitoring a system or information environment for security-relevant events and configuration changes that negatively affect security posture is typically carried out by a Security Operations Center (SOC). SOCs are responsible for the ongoing surveillance of an organization's IT infrastructure, checking for any signs of security incidents or vulnerabilities. They utilize a variety of tools such as Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and other security monitoring software to ensure that threats are identified and addressed promptly. In addition to technology-based solutions, a SOC team also includes security analysts who interpret the event data, investigate any anomalies, and initiate incident response protocols if necessary.