Final answer:
The law of independent assortment states that genes do not influence each other with regard to the sorting of alleles into gametes and every possible combination of alleles is equally likely to occur.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is law of independent assortment (C). The law of independent assortment states that genes do not influence each other with regard to the sorting of alleles into gametes, and every possible combination of alleles for every gene is equally likely to occur. This law can be illustrated by a dihybrid cross, where two true-breeding parents express different traits for two characteristics. Each parent is homozygous, and the law of segregation indicates that the gametes for each parent contain only one allele for each trait. Therefore, the F1 generation of offspring has an equal likelihood of inheriting any combination of alleles.