Final answer:
The perceptual bias that involves the tendency to overestimate internal factors over external factors in the explanation of someone else's behavior is known as the fundamental attribution error.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Fundamental Attribution Error
The tendency to overestimate the contribution of external factors is part of which perceptual bias? The correct answer is d. The fundamental attribution error. This perceptual bias refers to the tendency of individuals to place an undue emphasis on internal characteristics to explain someone else's behavior in a given situation, rather than considering the external factors that may have influenced the behavior. For instance, if someone cuts us off in traffic, we might think they are inherently rude (an internal attribution), rather than considering they might be rushing to an emergency (an external factor).
The fundamental attribution error is particularly prevalent in individualistic cultures where there is a focus on personal achievement and autonomy, leading to the belief that a person's disposition is the main cause of their actions. In contrast, collectivistic cultures, which value communal relationships, are less likely to make this error.