Final answer:
The personality test that measures differences using Jung's opposites is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), which is a self-report inventory criticized for its binary categorization. Other assessments, such as the MMPI, use true/false questions and the Big Five factors offer a more nuanced measurement of personality across cultures.
Step-by-step explanation:
The widely used personality test that measures how people differ on all four of Carl Jung's sets of paired opposites is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). This tool is considered a self-report inventory where participants answer questions that help categorize them into one of 16 personality types based on four dichotomies. These dichotomies are Introversion vs. Extraversion, Sensing vs. Intuition, Thinking vs. Feeling, and Judging vs. Perceiving. Despite its popularity, the MBTI has been criticized for its binary nature and oversimplification, as it does not capture the continuum of personality traits that exist between the extremes. Another well-known personality assessment is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), which employs a series of true/false questions. Unlike the MBTI, the MMPI is designed to assess personality structure and psychopathology. When comparing personality tests, the Big Five personality factors—openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism—provide a more nuanced scale of personality traits compared to the binary system of the MBTI. The cultural context is also important, as different cultures may emphasize different values that shape personality traits.