Final answer:
In 1836, the 10th Amendment was interpreted as a limitation on federal powers, reserving certain powers, including public health and safety, for the state governments.
Step-by-step explanation:
In 1836, with a new chief justice, the court began to interpret the 10th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution as a strict limitation on federal powers, holding that powers to provide for public health, safety, and order were exclusively powers of the state governments. The Tenth Amendment, which is often cited as the foundation of states' rights and constitutional federalism, explicitly reserves to the states all powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states. This principle supports the concept of reserved powers, exclusive to state governments unless the Constitution specifies otherwise.
The Amendment reads: "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people." This was particularly significant in protecting the authority of states to manage issues that are not expressly under the purview of the federal government, such as marriage, divorce, education, and the regulation of intrastate commerce.