Final answer:
Alexander Hamilton proposed the Bank of the United States, while James Madison introduced a bill to charter several regional banks instead. Madison argued against concentrating power and questioned the constitutionality of the bank.
Step-by-step explanation:
In 1789, Alexander Hamilton proposed the establishment of the Bank of the United States as a solution to the nation's economic issues. However, James Madison, who later became a leading advocate for states' rights, introduced a bill to charter several regional banks instead of one national bank. Madison argued against concentrating economic power in the hands of a few and questioned the constitutionality of the bank. Despite his opposition, the Bank of the United States was established with the support of Hamilton and President George Washington.