Final answer:
Maslow's theory states that physiological needs must be met before higher-level psychological needs. The hierarchy of needs is presented in a pyramid, with the most fundamental requirements at the base ascending to self-actualization at the top, although there are criticisms to this model for its inability to explain some altruistic behaviors.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, physiological needs of the patient take priority over higher-level needs such as self-actualization. Maslow's theory articulates that basic needs like food, water, and shelter must be met before an individual can focus on higher-level psychological desires and self-fulfillment. This framework is structured with a pyramid, starting with physiological needs at the base, followed by safety needs, love and belonging, esteem, and finally reaching self-actualization at the peak. It is important to note that while Maslow's theory has been influential in the field of psychology, it has also faced criticism for not fully accounting for real-world phenomena, such as self-transcendence behaviors where individuals prioritize the needs of others or causes above their own needs.