Final answer:
Avoid the pruning method called 'lopping,' as it can lead to poor healing and weak growth in plants. Thinning-out, heading-back, destemming, and scalping are different pruning techniques with varied outcomes, but lopping is generally considered harmful.
Step-by-step explanation:
When considering pruning techniques, it is important to avoid the method known as lopping. This method can be damaging because it cuts branches indiscriminately, often leading to poor healing and structurally weak regrowth which can create safety hazards or damage the plant's health.
Thinning-out is a recommended method that removes entire branches or limbs to the trunk, which can improve plant structure and health. In contrast, heading-back trims branches to just above a bud or node to encourage controlled growth. Destemming may involve removing flower stems after bloom, depending on the context, and scalping refers to cutting grass too short, which is also not recommended for plant health. Overall, proper pruning techniques should be chosen based on the specific needs of the plant and the desired outcome.