Final answer:
Turner syndrome is the condition where a female has only one X chromosome, known as an XO genotype. This genetic disorder is associated with physical and sometimes developmental challenges. In similar chromosomal abnormalities, excess X chromosomes are inactivated to manage genetic dosage.
Step-by-step explanation:
The sex chromosome abnormality that results in a female with only one X chromosome is known as Turner syndrome, often represented as XO. In Turner syndrome, individuals typically present with physical characteristics including short stature, webbed skin on the neck region, hearing and cardiac impairments, and sterility. This syndrome occurs due to a nondisjunction event where an individual ends up with a missing X chromosome.
In cases of abnormal numbers of X chromosomes, such as Klinefelter syndrome or triplo-X, excess X chromosomes undergo a process known as X inactivation, where every X chromosome except one is inactivated to manage the excess genetic dosage. During X inactivation, the extra X chromosomes condense into what are known as Barr bodies, which effectively silence the genes on these chromosomes. Even though inactivated, these X chromosomes can still express a few genes, which are essential for processes like ovarian maturation.