Final answer:
The statement is true; poor nutrition can negatively affect immunity by reducing antibody production. Malnutrition, particularly protein deficiency, leads to various immune system deficiencies and can have long-term consequences, especially in children.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that poor nutrition can influence immunity by decreasing antibody production is True. Nutrition plays a crucial role in the functioning of the immune system. In the context of malnutrition, which is prevalent in developing countries, the lack of adequate nutrition, especially protein, can lead to a weakened immune system. This situation manifests through various deficiencies in immune function such as impaired complement system activity, malfunctioning phagocytes, and a reduced production of antibodies and cytokines. Likewise, the immunosuppression encountered in various conditions or due to certain medications can significantly lower the body's ability to fight off infections.
Similarly, evidence suggests that individuals who face undernutrition may have long-term consequences on their immune competence. The impact is especially severe in children who experience malnutrition during the critical development phases of the immune system. This can result in a lifelong alteration in immune responses and an increased susceptibility to infections.
It is essential to understand that a well-balanced diet, providing all necessary nutrients, is vital for maintaining a strong and properly functioning immune system. Conversely, deficiencies, particularly in micronutrients, can have lasting effects, such as causing long-term cognitive deficits in children.