Final answer:
The characteristics of 'Romanization' were comprehensive, including the involvement of provinces in government, the spread of Roman customs, distinctive architecture, and the diverse composition of the Roman army, hence the answer is E) All of the above.
Step-by-step explanation:
The characteristics of "Romanization" include A) participation in government by the provinces, B) the spread of Roman customs, C) architecture, and D) the diversity of the Roman army. Therefore, the correct answer is E) All of the above. This process manifested as the Roman Empire expanded, assimilating conquered peoples into Roman culture both through voluntary emulation and imposed elements. For instance, in the provinces, local elites were often integrated into the governance structure, and their sons learned Latin. Over generations, this led to a blending of cultures, as seen in Gaul after Julius Caesar's invasions.
Roman infrastructure such as aqueducts, baths, and road systems facilitated this cultural integration, along with granting Roman citizenship to local elites and entire communities as a reward for loyalty or perceived usefulness. The Roman army also played a crucial role; provincial soldiers had to learn Latin and often served alongside men from different regions of the empire, promoting a shared Roman identity.