Final answer:
ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease leading to muscle weakening and paralysis. Brain-computer interface technology can aid in communication for 'locked-in' patients. Advanced ALS requires comprehensive supportive care, including ventilatory support and multidisciplinary therapy.
Step-by-step explanation:
​Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's Disease, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord. As the disease progresses, it leads to muscle weakening, loss of coordination, and eventually paralysis. Advanced ALS patients, such as the one described in the scenario - Mr. Gold, can become 'locked-in' which is a state where the patient is awake and mentally aware but cannot move or communicate verbally due to complete paralysis of nearly all voluntary muscles in the body except for the eyes.
Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology has been instrumental for individuals with ALS, allowing them to communicate even in a 'locked-in' state. A notable example includes the ability for patients to form sentences by twitching a muscle, such as the cheek, with these sentences then being vocalized by a computer.
Mr. Gold's continued decline in the ability to perform voluntary movements and the requirement for ventilatory support due to respiratory paralysis are consistent with the advanced stages of ALS. Invasive and non-invasive strategies are available to support patients with ALS. This often involves a multidisciplinary approach which may include physical therapy, respiratory therapy, and speech therapy to enhance quality of life.