Final answer:
Hyperparathyroidism is caused by the overproduction of parathyroid hormone, leading to high blood calcium levels, bone weakening, and potential kidney stones. It often results from tumors of the parathyroid glands and can have significant effects on bone health and nervous system function.
Step-by-step explanation:
What is Hyperparathyroidism?
Hyperparathyroidism is a condition characterized by the overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the parathyroid glands. This overactivity can lead to numerous issues including high serum calcium, low serum phosphate, bone destruction, and the formation of kidney stones. Hypersecretion of PTH causes excessive calcium to be leached from the bones into the bloodstream, which can weaken bone structure, cause deformities, fractures, and reduce nervous system responsiveness due to elevated blood calcium levels. In contrast to hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism involves insufficient production of PTH, resulting in very low blood calcium levels that can cause muscle dysfunctions and tetany.
One common cause of hyperparathyroidism is the presence of tumors on the parathyroid glands. These tumors can lead to increased secretion of PTH, similar to how pituitary gland tumors can result in excess production of other hormones, leading to other conditions such as Cushing’s disease or gigantism. The high levels of calcium in the blood from hyperparathyroidism not only affect the bones, but can also lead to calcification and impaired functioning in various tissues and organs of the body.