Final answer:
A Functional Assessment, or functional behavior assessment (FBA), is used within Applied Behavior Analysis to identify the function served by a problematic behavior, particularly for individuals on the autism spectrum. It involves data collection, hypothesis generation, intervention, and monitoring the effectiveness of interventions.
Step-by-step explanation:
A Functional Assessment, also known as a functional behavior assessment (FBA), is a process used to understand the purpose or function of a specific behavior demonstrated by an individual. This approach is often applied within the framework of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) to help determine why a person engages in behaviors that are considered problematic or disruptive, particularly among individuals on the autism spectrum. An FBA involves collecting data on the observed behavior, including the circumstances under which the behavior occurs and the consequences that follow the behavior. By identifying the function that a behavior serves for an individual (such as gaining attention, avoiding a task, or receiving some type of sensory stimulation), targeted interventions can be developed to address the behavior more effectively.
The process of Functional Assessment generally includes several steps. These include identifying and defining the specific behaviors of interest, collecting and analyzing data related to these behaviors, generating a hypothesis about the behavior's function, and developing and implementing an intervention strategy based on this understanding. Strategies may involve altering the environment, teaching alternative behaviors that serve the same function, changing how others respond to the behavior, or a combination of these approaches. Outcomes of these interventions are also monitored to evaluate their effectiveness.