Final answer:
The 'second consideration' highlights the ability of a republic to represent a larger population and area than a democracy, contemplating a more extensive governance by elected officials. The 'great importance' of a republic is found in its representative system, which seeks to ensure decisions made are for the public good, and the virtuous behavior expected of its citizens.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding the 'Second Consideration' and 'Great Importance' of a Republic
The term 'second consideration' refers to one of the fundamental differences between a democracy and a republic as identified in historical and political theory texts. Specifically, it is the idea that a republic can encompass a greater number of citizens and a larger geographical area than a pure democracy.
The 'great importance' of a republic lies in its ability to refine and enlarge public views through a representative system, where elected officials are supposed to ensure that decisions are made in the best interest of the entire country. This stands in contrast to a democracy where decisions are made directly by the populace, which may lead to a more partial or short-sighted outcome.
The great importance of a republic also includes the idea that it requires its citizens to exhibit virtuous behavior, as public virtue is seen as essential for the survival of the republic. This expectation of virtue often resulted in a bias towards the elite, as property holders were deemed more likely to have a stake in the society's well-being and hence were seen as more virtuous. Finally, in a republic, representatives are elevated to a number big enough to prevent the tyranny of a few, aiming to protect the public weal.