Final answer:
The symbiotic relationship between humans and E. coli can be characterized as mutualism, where both organisms benefit. The association with Staphylococcus epidermidis might be seen as commensalism or mutualism, depending on the context. However, the relationships humans have with the H1N1 virus and Vibrio cholerae are examples of parasitism, where the virus or bacteria benefit at the human's expense. The correct options is a. humans and E. coli.
Step-by-step explanation:
Types of Symbiotic Relationships
The relationship between humans and E. coli is an example of mutualism, where both species benefit. Certain strains of Escherichia coli produce vitamin K which is crucial for human blood clotting, while E. coli obtains nutrients from the intestinal contents.
The relationship between humans and Staphylococcus epidermidis is often considered an example of commensalism, where one organism benefits without significantly affecting the other. S. epidermidis feeds on dead skin cells, but humans are usually not affected unless the immune system is compromised. However, some experts view this relationship as mutualistic because the bacterium can protect against other pathogens.
In the case of the H1N1 virus, the relationship is best described as parasitism, where one organism (the virus) benefits at the expense of the other (the human), often causing disease. Lastly, Vibrio cholerae and humans have a parasitic relationship where the bacteria cause cholera, a potentially deadly illness.
Therefore, in the context of the relationships described:
- Humans and E. coli - Mutualism
- Humans and Staphylococcus epidermidis - Commensalism or Mutualism (depending on perspective)
- Humans and H1N1 virus - Parasitism
- Humans and Vibrio cholerae - Parasitism
The correct options is a. humans and E. coli.