Final answer:
The outcome of the diet data in the Nurses' Health Study in 1980 cannot be determined without specific data, but generally, the Nurses' Health Study has highlighted the importance of diet and lifestyle on long-term health. Successful weight loss generally involves a combination of a low-calorie, low-fat diet and increased physical activity. Fat-free food trends have contributed to poorer health despite initial intentions of promoting weight loss.
Step-by-step explanation:
The outcome of the diet data in the Nurses' Health Study in 1980 is not provided in the reference material given. However, in general, the Nurses' Health Study has provided comprehensive insights into the long-term health effects of diet, lifestyle, and other environmental factors. If the question refers to a hypothetical situation where ten individuals went on a low-fat diet for 12 weeks, one would need to review the specific data in Table 10.30 to determine if their cholesterol levels were significantly reduced, as statistical methods would need to be applied. For instance, a paired t-test might be conducted to compare before-and-after measurements within the same individuals.
The National Weight Control Registry (NWCR) research indicates that success in long-term weight loss is closely associated with lifestyle changes such as adjusting food intake and increasing physical activity. In particular, a low-calorie, low-fat diet and significant levels of physical activity have been common elements among successful cases.
It is important to note that while the diet trend in the 1990s leaned towards fat-free foods, many dieticians now believe that such trends have contributed to poorer health and weight gain. This is most likely due to the overconsumption of other macronutrients, such as carbohydrates or sugar, which replaced fats in these foods. A holistic approach to diet and lifestyle is now recommended, emphasizing whole foods and regular physical activity.