Final answer:
Rabbinic Judaism emerged in the first century A.D. and is characterized by the elevation of oral law to equal authority with the written Torah, the clarification of Jewish practice, and a sense of distrust and hostility toward emergent Christianity. However, the old covenant was not officially replaced.
Step-by-step explanation:
Rabbinic Judaism emerged in the first century A.D. and is characterized by several distinct features. One of these features is the elevation of oral law to equal authority with the written Torah. Another feature is the clarification and interpretation of Jewish practice. Additionally, rabbinic Judaism developed a sense of distrust and hostility toward emergent Christianity. However, it did not officially replace the old covenant with a new one. The old covenant remains an important aspect of Judaism.