Question

Which of the following describes normal changes in the respiratory system of the older adult?

1. Severe dyspnea is experienced on exertion resulting from changes in the lungs.
2. Respiratory muscle strength increases to compensate for a decreased vital capacity.
3. There is a decrease in small airway closure, leading to problems with atelectasis.
4. The lungs are less elastic and distensible, decreasing their ability to collapse and recoil.

Answer 1

Normal changes in the respiratory system of the older adult include severe dyspnea on exertion, decreased respiratory muscle strength, and a decrease in small airway closure leading to problems with atelectasis.

Step-by-step explanation:

The normal changes in the respiratory system of the older adult include:

1. Severe dyspnea is experienced on exertion resulting from changes in the lungs. This is because the lungs become less elastic and distensible, decreasing their ability to collapse and recoil. Exertion requires more effort to breathe in and out.
2. Respiratory muscle strength decreases with age, rather than increases, which can lead to a decreased vital capacity. Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air a person can exhale after a maximum inhalation. With decreased respiratory muscle strength, the older adult may not be able to fully exhale, resulting in a decreased vital capacity.
3. There may be a decrease in small airway closure, which can lead to problems with atelectasis. Atelectasis is the collapse of a small portion or the entire lung. When the small airways do not close properly, air can become trapped in the lung tissue and cause atelectasis.