Final answer:
The satellite's orbit, between 500 to 36,000 kilometers high, intersects with Earth's radiation belts, exposing it to radiation that can damage components like solar panels, thus affecting its lifespan.
Step-by-step explanation:
When discussing a satellite's orbit at heights ranging from 500 to 36,000 kilometers high, it is important to consider the environmental factors affecting its operation. Specifically, a satellite in this range may encounter Earth's radiation belts every 5 hours or so. This exposure to radiation can degrade the satellite's components, such as the solar panels that are crucial for providing the energy needed to power onboard instruments. Over time, the intense radiation in these belts can significantly reduce the satellite's operational lifespan.