Question

When the proton number and electron number are unequal, the atom or molecule __________.

A) forms a covalent bond with another atom

B) is an ion

C) becomes part of a molecule

D) gains or loses a proton

E) gains or loses a neutron

Answer 1

An atom or molecule with unequal proton and electron numbers is an ion, which can either be a positively charged cation or a negatively charged anion.

Step-by-step explanation:

When the proton number and electron number are unequal, the atom or molecule is an ion. An ion is an electrically charged atom or molecule that contains unequal numbers of protons and electrons. If atoms lose electrons, they become positive ions, or cations. Conversely, when atoms gain electrons, they become negative ions, or anions. A neutral sodium atom losing an electron becomes a sodium ion (Na+), and a neutral chlorine atom gaining an electron becomes a chloride ion (Cl-). These ions, due to their electric charge, can engage in ionic bonds through the electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions.