Final answer:
The catabolic hormone produced by the adrenal glands that is known as the 'stress hormone' is cortisol, which helps increase blood glucose levels and mobilize energy in response to stress. It is activated through a hormonal pathway involving the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
Step-by-step explanation:
The catabolic hormone made in the adrenal glands and often referred to as the "stress hormone" is cortisol. This hormone is part of the body's long-term stress response system and is crucial for mobilizing energy stores to respond to stressors. When a person experiences stress, the hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing factor, which prompts the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH then stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol. The primary functions of cortisol include the increase of blood glucose levels through gluconeogenesis, the breakdown of fats and proteins, and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the immune system.
However, it's important to note that epinephrine, also called adrenaline, is the primary and most potent catecholamine hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to short-term stress. While cortisol is primarily associated with long-term stress response, promoting the catabolism of glycogen to glucose, and the breakdown of stored nutrients to maintain energy, epinephrine is related to the immediate, short-term 'fight or flight' response.