Final answer:
CAD, or computer-aided design, has revolutionized the field of architecture and engineering by providing tools for realistic visualization, increased accuracy, speed, and cost-efficiency in design processes, as seen in the creation and analysis of complex projects like the Boeing 777.
Step-by-step explanation:
The invention of CAD (computer-aided design) software in 1961 paved the way for transformative changes in various fields, particularly in architecture and engineering. For architects, CAD has become an indispensable tool, allowing for realistic representations, enhanced speed and accuracy, as well as improved cost-efficiency of architectural designs. These modern CAD programs facilitate the creation of 3D visualizations and simulations, making physical models less necessary. They also enable architects to draw comprehensive plans and construct interactive three-dimensional models that can be observed from different perspectives.
In engineering, CAD software is utilized across all phases of work, notably in the design and analysis segments. For instance, electrical engineers employ CAD tools to manage the complexities involved in designing circuits with billions of transistors, and mechanical and civil engineers use these tools to calculate stresses to ensure the integrity of structures. A sophisticated CAD system was instrumental in the Boeing 777 design process, eliminating the need for numerous physical mock-ups and facilitating seamless communication among design and build teams internationally.