Final answer:
Paying a woman less than a man for the same work is a form of gender discrimination that requires demonstrating that one is paid less than others for equivalent work. Employment discrimination can also be based on other factors and is addressed by policies promoting equal pay for equal work.
Step-by-step explanation:
Paying a woman less than a man for the same work is an example of gender discrimination. This kind of discrimination occurs when employees with comparable levels of education, experience, and skill are paid differently solely because of their gender. It's important to note that an earnings gap does not automatically prove discrimination; employees must demonstrate they are being paid less compared to others with similar job positions and qualifications. To successfully challenge this in a lawsuit, it must be established that an employer is paying a woman less than a male counterpart for a similar job with equivalent levels of educational attainment and expertise.
In the broader context, employment discrimination can also occur based on race, religion, age, or disability status, and can negatively impact earnings. Public policies like requiring equal pay for equal work aim to reduce these disparities and promote a more equitable labor market.