Final answer:
A heterozygote for both purple flowers (P) and white (p), and tall (T) and dwarf (t) plants can produce four different combinations of gametes: PT, Pt, pT, and pt, as each allele pairs up independently during gamete formation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The combinations of gametes that could be produced by a heterozygote for both the traits purple flowers (P) and white flowers (p), as well as tall plants (T) and dwarf plants (t), are PT, Pt, pT, and pt. This is because the individual has two different alleles for each gene, and they can assort independently during gamete formation according to Mendel's law of independent assortment. In a dihybrid cross where the parent's genotype is PpTt, each of the alleles P or p can pair with either T or t to form the gametes.
Hence, there are four possible types of gametes: PT, Pt, pT, and pt. These gametes represent all the possible combinations of one allele from each gene that the heterozygous parent can pass on to their offspring. When we cross a heterozygote for two traits (Pp, Tt), we need to consider the different combinations of alleles that can be produced in the gametes. In this case, the possibilities are: